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Īfter independence, the US continued to direct the country through Central Intelligence Agency operatives like Edward Lansdale. The Philippine Congress obliged on July 2, 1946. Congress was threatening to withhold post-World War II rebuilding funds unless the Bell Act was ratified. The Philippine government had little choice but to accept these terms for independence. In hearings before the Senate Committee on Finance, Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs William Clayton described the law as 'clearly inconsistent with the basic foreign economic policy of this country' and 'clearly inconsistent with our promise to grant the Philippines genuine independence.' citizens and corporations be granted equal access to Philippine minerals, forests, and other natural resources. import quotas might be established on Philippine articles which 'are coming, or are likely to come, into substantial competition with like articles the product of the United States'. For example, the Bell Trade Act provided a mechanism whereby U.S. In addition, independence was qualified by legislation passed by the U.S. retained dozens of military bases, including a few major ones. The treaty provided for the recognition of the independence of the Republic of the Philippines as of July 4, 1946, and the relinquishment of American sovereignty over the Philippine Islands.

On the same day, representatives of the United States of America and of the Republic of the Philippines signed a Treaty of General Relations between the two governments. Truman issued Proclamation 2695 of Jofficially recognizing the independence of the Philippines. In accordance with the Philippine Independence Act (more popularly known as the 'Tydings–McDuffie Act'), President Harry S.

The United States of America granted independence to the Philippines on July 4, 1946. See also: Treaty of Manila (1946) and Republic Day (Philippines)

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